The Violence Of Rap And Rap - 1633 Words

Introduction Crime is culture. Wait, what? Believe it or not crime is a culture that has developed rapidly this past century. Rap, over the years has changed in many ways such that it went from being condemned by the public to being mainstream, it is now being used to aid teens with psychological troubles, and more. This leads to the question to be answered: How has the change from condemning drug use and illegal acts in rap to glorifying it influenced youth over the last two decades? The evolution of rap has in many ways positively affected the youth but, equally, has fueled many negative actions of the youth. Rap Therapy In today’s ever evolving world there have been numerous distinctive solutions to help those who suffer from†¦show more content†¦29). This statement relates to the field theory that states behavior is a function of the person and environment (Elligan, 2000, p. 29). The assertion made by Elligan in relation to the field theory goes on to specifically demonstrate how behavior and psychiatric problems are often differently altered depending on the style of rap the person most commonly listens to. In relation to rap’s effect on psychiatric therapy patient’s behavior this leads to the next topic cultures of crime and cultures of resistance. Listening to Rap: Cultures of Crime, Cultures of Resistance The studies of three researchers confirm the stereotype between rap and violent crime tied along with strong feelings of social injustice to be only true to an extent. On the contrary, the same studies do prove the description of rap as â€Å"protest music† to be true as they examine aspects of social injustice, violent crime and property crime. One study conducted by Tanner Wortley in Canada revealed a reason behind black youths feeling of injustice after numerous blacks stating they felt as though they are more likely to be randomly checked by police than other racial groups (Tanner, Julian, Asbridge, Wortley, 2009, p. 699). Another segment of research conducted by Wortley describes blacks as being wrongfully depicted in a small range of activities and roles along with commonly being portrayed as the offender inShow MoreRelatedViolence in Rap Music572 Words   |  2 PagesRap Music: Does it make people violent Rap music is one of the elements of Hip-Hop music. It is the form of rhyming lyrics spoken rhythmically over musical instruments with a musical backdrop of sampling, scratching and mixing. Rap music became popular in early 80’s. In 1989 a group Niggaz Wit Attitudes came from Los Angeles and changed the rap music. This changed rap was the start of Gangsta Rap, in which they talked about violence, crime and killing. 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Policy Brief National Vaccine Information Center And Non...

Policy Brief: National Vaccine Information Center and Non-Medical Vaccine Exemptions Exploring the Importance of Choice for Immunizations from a Consumer Perspective Tarang Parekh and Nissa Shaffi George Mason University Author Note This paper was prepared for HAP 742, taught by Professor Gimm. NON-MEDICAL VACCINE EXEMPTIONS While supporting the voluntary immunization for children and defending the right to have information regarding the risk involved with vaccines, the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) oppose the elimination of or possible barriers of entry to obtain Non-Medical Exemptions. In an effort to reduce vaccine related injuries and/or death and support those who do not want to receive vaccines due to personal, spiritual, or religious beliefs, the NVIC supports the right to Non-Medical Exemptions. The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the safety, efficacy, and economic burden of vaccines, as well as the right to choice in regards to Non-Medical Exemptions. BACKGROUND The National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) is a national non-profit advocacy organization established in the early 1980s in an effort to create transparency and dialogue regarding childhood immunizations (NVIC, 2016). The NVIC is one of the most prominent consumer led organizations that have led the pursuit of â€Å"advocating for vaccine safety and informed consent protections in the public health systems† (NVIC, 2016, para.1). The NVIC advocates for anShow MoreRelatedAn Intrinsic Investigation Into A Biological Issue Regarding Immunisation Essay3379 Words   |  14 Pagesethical issues for rejecting immunisation and what is being done to educate the public? Introduction Vaccinations have been debated vinously within the last decade which has intrigued me ton investigate the ethical issues for refusing vaccination. In this report I shall cover history of vaccination and use it as context to contrast to the modern ethical issues regarding this topic. 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Why Is Reality T.V. so Popular Free Essays

Why Is Reality T. V. So Popular? It would be difficult to find an hour of the day when a reality television show isn’t on. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Reality T.V. so Popular? or any similar topic only for you Order Now What exactly is the appeal of reality television that has so many viewers completely hooked? Why has the popularity of reality TV spanned all socio-economic statuses, age groups, and education levels? Perhaps it’s the unscripted glimpse you get into other people’s lives that helps take the focus off present troubles, or makes everyone’s day to day lives seem a little less â€Å"crazy. Whatever it is that draws reality TV fans in, this fairly new phenomenon has certainly taken the entertainment industry by storm. Let’s take a look at some possible reasons the popularity of reality TV continues to grow. Voyeurism . It’s the reason traffic backs up when there’s a horrific car crash – we just want to look. Reality stars have the lack of embarrassment we often wish we had, but more often than not, are glad we don’t. Admit it. In your head you’ve smacked a thousand snotty girls or meat headed guys across the face. We all dream of having an excuse to get into a fist fight, just to show what we’ve got. Well reality stars have found their excuse – the camera – and we’ll keep watching as long as they’ve got punches to throw I don’t think I’m taking a huge leap here by saying that reality TV stars aren’t the sharpest tools in the shed. Let’s remember that these are people who are knowingly exploiting their personal lives for a little cash and fifteen minutes of fame. Reality stars can, however, be depended upon for one thing. When a delicate situation arises, that requires proper judgment, clear thinking, and caution, reality stars will without failure, make the wrong choice. This is great for us because we can learn from them. We can learn what not to do in almost any situation, and their flagrant disregard for logic, can be our guiding light. Our daily lives require a lot of mental energy. Our jobs our stressful and challenging, and often our personal lives are even worse. Our minds are constantly being taxed and drained. Who wants to come home and escape by turning on entertainment with substance? I don’t know about you, but after a long day of thinking, I can’t handle substance. I want fluff – pure, unadulterated fluff. The less I have to think to understand what I’m watching the better, and luckily, reality TV requires no thought at all. The popularity of reality TV shouldn’t come as a surprise considering the fact that we live in a culture that worships vanity, rather than virtue, and lives by the mantra of ‘He with the most toys lives,’ rather than ‘He with the most joys lives. It’s been said that circumstances don’t make a man, they only reveal him. Likewise, reality TV is merely a reflection of what our society has become – a materialistically driven society where the love of power and money overcomes the power of love. It’s a reflection of a society that is not only devoid of a solid wholesome value system, but i s also separated from spiritual roots. It’s also a culture that thrives on living on the edge, characterized by thrill-seeking and addictions. How to cite Why Is Reality T.V. so Popular?, Papers

Integrating Marketing Communications

Question: Discuss about the Integrating Marketing Communications. Answer: Introduction: 1. The present organisation (XYZ Company) is involved in materials supply to the super mall. The materials that are used within the silo storage include clothes, apparels, and other fashionable items. Below is the organisation chart of the XYZ Company that depicts mainly the flow of information within the inter-department collaboration and the customers associated with the convergent environment. As illustrated in the figure, the potential point of integration for marketing communication is linked with (i) Responsibility sharing among two general managers (GM); (ii) Communication with the finance department; (iii) decision by the product manager; and (iv) communication between various departments such as operation, engineering, marketing, and administration. The communication forms the primary basis of operational activity, in which the customer service and technical information flow operate (Batra Keller, 2016). Likewise, the market analysis and customer (market) demand infer the requirement of product designing, development, and quality assurance. The marketing strategy includes research and development, maintaining relationship both within and to the outside environment of the organisation. The key decision related to product launch and the production process is taken by the product manager. Finally, the administrator team is involved in the management of people and other regulatory requirements (Golob, 2013). The technological convergence and the change implementation is thus the key benefit that can be achieved with the integration, which in turn is also responsible for the regularisation of activities and distribution of responsibilities. The impact of integration with respect to marketing communication and operational activity can be analysed in terms of: The scope of clear communication and articulation of vision across all the departments. Easier to manage public relations as a whole strategy. Sales and promotion planning, decision making, and resource utilisation become more accurate and profitable (Schmidt, Hattula, Schmitz Reinecke, 2016). Marketing prospect can be designed based on market analysis, customer requirement, and availability of resource and skills at the organisation. The operational measures remain consistent due to the transparency of work culture across all the department. The effectiveness of strategic implementation becomes easier to measure. Responsibility sharing and execution of task remains accurate due to clear communication and a better understanding of the message (Ver i , Ver i  Sriramesh, 2012). Adoption of newer technological measures and update in the organisational practice according to customer requirement is possible. 2. The key focus of the company is to maintain a balance within the intersection of technology, creativity, and media communication (Percy, 2014). Convergence is a continuous process and not an endpoint, which demands rapid and progressive change. The role of the customer is significant in this consideration such that they can reflect their requirement. At XYZ Company, the customer service aimed at collecting the feedback, suggestion, and direct involvement of customers in product design and change with the help of surveys. In simpler words, the data gathered from customers not only dictate their experience for the products served, but also describe where, when, and how (Percy, 2014). The information thus collected becomes a critical part of the overall business/market analysis. Furthermore, this information is processed with the aim to bring effective decision making that can fulfil the organisational objective. Finally, to create and maintain the mentioned ecosystem, it becomes emp irical for the organisation to invest in marketing operation that brings more design and development (Percy, 2014). 3. The use of integrated unified communication measures enable effectiveness in the work procedure and offers the valuable prospect of the informed business decision. With the advances in technology, it becomes apparently easier for the companies use integrated communication that can allow their employees, collaborators, clients, and other partnership firms to access the information and share them electronically (Gummesson, 2014). The solution for integrated unified communication at XYZ Company has been implemented with CISCO Jabber applet that operates on Windows and Android. Briefly, this solution offers the prospect of accessing and sharing information from any location using a broad array of devices. The basic framework is based on the business goals that has been defined by the organisation. Essential elements in this regard include (i) Internal communication; (ii) Smarter and faster customer service; (iii) Tracking the work efficiency of employees and capturing the institutional knowledge (De Mooij, 2013). In order to make this tool an indispensable instrument for the users, the system offers a user ID and password that can be securitized by individual employees, associates, and specific clients. The data security was further managed with controlled authorization and tracking the usage of information exchange (as per the organisational policy). Importantly, the system architecture and its usage were also defined to the users with training. The communication tools that are included within the system architecture include instant messaging, video, voice, screen sharing, and conferencing capabilities (De Mooij, 2013). It also offers the provision of making the conference, data sharing, and information exchange with the client using remote login, secure shell messenger, and clear communication (high fidelity audio and high definition video). Thus, it is possible to make direct communication, collaboration, and other related activities from any location using the internet connections (Hult Lukas, 2015). In conjunction to the resource, the company had a database system that not only provides backup to the data but also offers smooth internet and data collection procedure. In addition to this, the system also provides provision for using software related to business analysis, survey analysis, and feedback analysis that in turn proves worthy for decision making and change management (Shimp Andrews, 2012). As mentioned in the above section, the skills and capabilities of usage for the communication system was developed with offerings of education and training to the employees. The data that generally practice using this resource are (Shimp Andrews, 2012): Communication at the inter-department level, with collaborators, and clients. Sharing of records, logs, design sample, invoice, and other details. Using video and audio conferencing for decision making, exchange information with the client, and other necessary Access to the server stored records and history. Making business analysis by using database information, survey information, and collected feedback. 4. The objective of the legislation for marketing communication is to promote the welfare with good promotion and fair trading. In addition, the legislation is also aimed to protect the consumer rights and helping them to get the correct information for fetching a genuine return on their investment. Firstly, the Competition and Consumer Act is important while making marketing communication. The act deals with most of the operation at XYZ Company including suppliers, retailing, wholesales, competition, and consumer aspects. In a broader sense, the law includes consideration of price labelling, mergers, acquisition, price monitoring, and regulation related to unfair market price (Grimmer Woolley, 2014). Another significant term includes warranties and guarantees which is related to promises made to the customers while describing the product. The business deals made with clients must also comply with the legislation related to Do-not-call registration, under which the company cannot send telemarketing and promotion messages without the consent (Bloom, Garicano, Sadun Van Reenen, 2014). Similarly, the e-mail information and newsletter must not be connected with spamming, as it creates problem to network operators and unsolicited commercial marketing communication (Jackson, Harriso n, Swinburn Lawrence, 2014). The advertising standards also need to be compiled for any messages, information, and individual customer service. The standards must include the common interest of promoting the consumer confidence and that it should respect to the general standards of advertising. Internal to the organisation, especially the HRM department must take care of the information and messages circulated among the employees. Particularly during the hiring, promotion, and continuity of service, employees must be held with the transparency of information. 5. The existing marketing tools and techniques that are practised at XYZ Company include: Advertising which aims to attract customers and gain a competitive advantage in the market. Direct mail and email campaigns this is mainly practised in order to outreach the message or information directly to the client. Additionally, the prospect is also suitable for collecting survey information, opinion polls, and collective information for market analysis (Rao, 2012). Social media the use of social media is mainly aimed at (i) increasing the network; (ii) getting information for latest market trend, and (iii) collecting information or attracting customers (Castronovo Huang, 2012). Trade shows and seminars this particular measure is useful in making the company information related to latest design, technology, superior retailing or wholesale display to specific targeted population. The mentioned marketing tool is also helpful in making product introduction and announcements (Kim, Kim Marshall, 2016). Catalogues this framework is used for immediate display to the products available for clients (Shimp Andrews, 2012). The prime purpose of these marketing tools is to communicate and share the information related to product, work procedure, work practices to stakeholders, employees, connections, and customers. It should be noted that not all the marketing communication tools are dependent on the internet but is aiming towards a well-defined audience segment. Furthermore, at XYZ Company, the key to successful utilisation of marketing tools is to coordinate the mentioned activities with the sales figures (Rao, 2012). Likewise, there also exists importance of coordination and networking among the people such that clear articular of the message, execution of objective, and gain in a competitive advantage for sales promotion can be achieved. The use of integrated communication tool at XYZ is also essential especially to align the work procedure (design, technological innovation, and price) with the expectation of the client. With such collaboration and efficient means of sharing information, it because easier to promote the product as well as yield higher revenues to meet the companys objective. a simpler overview of communication practices that are executed with the mentioned tools include steps like (Kim, Kim Marshall, 2016): Estimating the capital, resources, work procedure, and available skills. Communicating the visionary objective to the employees and framing strategic measures to achieve the target. Making communication with the client, in which the messages and information were made outreach to the customer and stakeholders. Collecting information and processing them for analysis purpose. This helps further in decision-making process, analysing the market pattern, and implementing the change in the routine work procedure. Recording, storing and sharing the information with other partner firms such that collaboration and other meaningful purposes can be managed. In summary, it is realised that the use of communication tools and techniques include aspects like (i) direct marketing; (ii) personal selling; (iii) executing activities like public relation activities; and (iv) business analysis (Bloom, Garicano, Sadun Van Reenen, 2014). Overall, the target adopting such market communication strategies is to increase the sale and achieve the organisational objectives. References: Batra, R., Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating Marketing Communications: New Findings, New Lessons and New Ideas. Journal of Marketing. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0419 Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R., Van Reenen, J. (2014). The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization. Management Science, 60(12), 2859-2885. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012). Social media in an alternative marketing communication model. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 6(1), 117. De Mooij, M. (2013). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Golob, U., Podnar, K., Elving, W. J., Ellerup Nielsen, A., Thomsen, C. (2013). CSR communication: quo vadis?. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 18(2), 176-192. Grimmer, M., Woolley, M. (2014). Green marketing messages and consumers' purchase intentions: Promoting personal versus environmental benefits. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(4), 231-250. Gummesson, E. (2014). Productivity, quality and relationship marketing in service operations: A revisit in a new service paradigm. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), 656-662. Hult, G. T. M., Lukas, B. A. (2015). Customer Participation and Knowledge Level: How Will it Affect the Delivery of the Health Care Offering?. In Proceedings of the 1995 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 208-212). Springer International Publishing. Jackson, M., Harrison, P., Swinburn, B., Lawrence, M. (2014). Unhealthy food, integrated marketing communication and power: a critical analysis. Critical public health, 24(4), 489-505. Kim, J., Kim, J. E., Marshall, R. (2016). Are two arguments always better than one? persuasion Knowledge moderating the effect of integrated marketing communications. European Journal of Marketing, 50(7/8). Percy, L. (2014). Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Rao, M. (2012). Knowledge management tools and techniques. Routledge. Schmidt, M., Hattula, J., Schmitz, C., Reinecke, S. (2016). Marketing Departments Influence and Information Dissemination Within in a Firm: Evidence for an Inverted U-Shaped Relationship. In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing (pp. 22-22). Springer International Publishing. Shimp, T. A., Andrews, J. C. (2012). Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Ver i , A. T., Ver i , D., Sriramesh, K. (2012). Internal communication: Definition, parameters, and the future. Public relations review, 38(2), 223-230.

Business Knowledge Essays - Business, Administration, Leadership

Business Knowledge Using Your Business Knowledge 1. Babysitting-I make very good money and it's a very good learning experience on how to deal and take care of children which is something that everyone needs to eventually learn in life. 3. a. School library or career resource center b. Government employment office. c. School councelors and teachers d. Local business managers and personal managers 4. Talent and abilities -people -computer skills -good with pubic relations -very good with names -very responsible -always on time 5. Those who seek pretige and power select jobs that will give them an opportunity to gain special recognition and special recognition and special awards for that job. Business

William Henry Harrison, U.S. General and President

William Henry Harrison, U.S. General and President William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773–April 4, 1841) was a U.S. military commander and the ninth president of the United States. He led American forces during the Northwest Indian War and the War of 1812. Harrisons time in the White House was brief, as he died about one month into his term of typhoid fever. Fast Facts: William Henry Harrison Known For:  Harrison was the ninth president of the United States.Born:  February 9, 1773 in Charles City County, Virginia ColonyParents: Benjamin Harrison V  and Elizabeth Bassett HarrisonDied:  April 4, 1841 in Washington, D.C.Education: University of PennsylvaniaSpouse: Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison (m. 1795-1841)Children: Elizabeth, John, William, Lucy, Benjamin, Mary, Carter, Anna Early Life Born at Berkeley Plantation, Virginia, on February 9, 1773, William Henry Harrison was the son of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth Bassett (he was the last United States president to be born before the American Revolution). A delegate to the Continental Congress and signer of the Declaration of Independence, the elder Harrison later served as governor of Virginia and used his political connections to ensure that his son received a proper education. After being tutored at home for several years, William Henry was sent to Hampden-Sydney College at age 14 to study history and the classics. At his fathers insistence, he enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania in 1790 to study medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush. However, Harris did not find the medical profession to his liking. When his father died in 1791, Harrison was left without money for schooling. After learning of his situation, Governor Henry Light-Horse Harry Lee III of Virginia encouraged the young man to join the army. Harrison was commissioned as an ensign in the 1st U.S. Infantry and sent to Cincinnati for service in the Northwest Indian War. He proved himself an able officer and was promoted to lieutenant the following June and became an aide-de-camp to Major General Anthony Wayne. Learning command skills from the gifted Pennsylvanian, Harrison took part in Waynes 1794 triumph over the Western Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This victory effectively brought the war to a close; Harrison was among those who signed the 1795 Treaty of Greenville. Frontier Post In 1795, Harrison met Anna Tuthill Symmes, the daughter of Judge John Cleves Symmes. A former militia colonel and delegate to the Continental Congress from New Jersey, Symmes had become a prominent figure in the Northwest Territory. When Judge Symmes refused Harrisons request to marry Anna, the couple eloped and wed on November 25. They would ultimately have 10 children, one of whom, John Scott Harrison, would be the father of future president Benjamin Harrison. Harrison resigned his commission on June 1, 1798, and campaigned for a post in the territorial government.  These efforts proved successful and he was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory on June 28, 1798, by President John Adams. During his tenure, Harrison frequently served as acting governor when Governor Arthur St. Clair was absent. Harrison was named the territorys delegate to Congress the following March. Though he was unable to vote, Harrison served on several Congressional committees and played a key role in opening the territory to new settlers. With the formation of the Indiana Territory in 1800, Harrison left Congress to accept an appointment as the regions governor. After moving to Vincennes, Indiana, in January 1801, he built a mansion named Grouseland and worked to obtain the title to Native American lands. Two years later, President Thomas Jefferson authorized Harrison to conclude treaties with the Native Americans. During his tenure, Harrison concluded 13 treaties which saw the transfer of over 60,000,000 acres of land. Harrison also began lobbying for a suspension of Article 6 of the Northwest Ordinance so that slavery would be permitted in the territory. Harrisons requests were denied by Washington. Tippecanoe Campaign In 1809, tensions with Native Americans began to increase following the Treaty of Fort Wayne, which saw the Miami sell land that was inhabited by the Shawnee. The following year, the Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (The Prophet) came to Grouseland to demand that the treaty be terminated. After they were refused, the brothers began working to form a confederation to block white expansion. To oppose this, Harrison was authorized by Secretary of War William Eustis to raise an army as a show of force. Harrison marched against the Shawnee while Tecumseh was away rallying his tribes. Encamping near the tribes base, Harrisons army occupied a strong position bordered by Burnett Creek on the west and a steep bluff to the east. Due to the strength of the terrain, Harrison elected not to fortify the camp. This position was attacked on the morning of November 7, 1811. The ensuing Battle of Tippecanoe saw his men turn back repeated assaults before driving off the Native Americans with determined musket fire and a charge by the armys dragoons. In the wake of his victory, Harrison became a national hero. With the outbreak of the War of 1812 the following June, Tecumsehs War became subsumed into the larger conflict as the Native Americans sided with the British. War of 1812 The war on the frontier began disastrously for the Americans with the loss of Detroit in August 1812. After this defeat, the American command in the Northwest was reorganized and after several squabbles over rank, Harrison was made commander of the Army of the Northwest on September 17, 1812. After being promoted to major general, Harrison worked diligently to transform his army from an untrained mob into a disciplined fighting force. Unable to go on the offensive while British ships controlled Lake Erie, Harrison worked to defend American settlements and ordered the construction of Fort Meigs along the Maumee River in northwest Ohio. In late April, he defended the fort during an attempted siege by British forces led by Major General Henry Proctor. In late September 1813, after the American victory at the Battle of Lake Erie, Harrison moved to the attack. Ferried to Detroit by Master Commandant Oliver H. Perrys victorious squadron, Harrison reclaimed the settlement before commencing a pursuit of British and Native American forces under Proctor and Tecumseh. Harrison won a key victory at the Battle of the Thames, which saw Tecumseh killed and the war on the Lake Erie front effectively ended. Though a skilled and popular commander, Harrison resigned the following summer after disagreements with Secretary of War John Armstrong. Political Career In the years following the war, Harrison aided in concluding treaties with the Native Americans, served a term in Congress (1816–1819), and spent time in the Ohio state senate (1819–1821). Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1824, he cut his term short to accept an appointment as ambassador to Colombia. There, Harrison lectured Simon Bolivar on the merits of democracy. In 1836, Harrison was approached by the Whig Party to run for president. Believing they would be unable to defeat the popular Democrat Martin Van Buren, the Whigs ran multiple candidates hoping to force the election to be settled in the House of Representatives. Though Harrison led the Whig ticket in most states, the plan failed, and Van Buren was elected. Four years later, Harrison returned to presidential politics and led a unified Whig ticket. Campaigning with John Tyler under the slogan Tippecanoe and Tyler Too, Harrison emphasized his military record while blaming the depressed economy on Van Buren. Promoted as a simple frontiersman, despite his aristocratic Virginia roots, Harrison was able to easily defeat the more elitist Van Buren. Death Harrison took the oath of office on March 4, 1841. Although it was a cold and wet day, he wore neither a hat nor coat as he read his two-hour inaugural address. He fell ill with a cold on March 26, shortly after taking office. While popular myth blames this illness on his prolonged inaugural speech, there is little evidence to support this theory. The cold quickly turned into pneumonia and pleurisy, and despite the best efforts of his doctors, Harrison died on April 4, 1841. Legacy At age 68, Harrison was the oldest U.S. president to be sworn in prior to Ronald Reagan. He served the shortest term of any president (one month). His grandson Benjamin Harrison was elected president in 1888. Sources Collins, Gail.  William Henry Harrison. Times Books, 2012.Doak, Robin S.  William Henry Harrison. Compass Point Books, 2004.

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buddhism - Essay Example The religious philosophy propagates that the widely popular belief in eternal soul, is a case of 'mistaken identity' where one or more of the skandhas are mistaken to be representative of an eternal soul. These five skandhas include: Form (rupa); feelings (vedana); perception (sajna); volitional factors (samskaras); and consciousness (vij-nana) ((Keown, 2003). Form or 'rupa' refers to the external features or characteristics of a human body such as form or color. Feelings or 'vedana' refers to sensations; Perception or 'sajna' refers to perceptions or mental images; volitional factors or ‘samskaras' refers to the power of mental formations and perception; and consciousness or 'vij-nana' refers to recognition and judgment (Hirakawa and Groner, 1993: 44). This doctrine further suggests that these five elements or aggregates are impermanent in nature i.e. 'anitya', and hence subject to change. It is on account of this very reason, that association with the notion of a permanent or unchanging 'self' is rendered false and any individual who associates with this false notion of a permanent self, is likely to suffer since impermanent things often result in suffering i.e. 'dukha'. For a Buddhist, an individual is comprised of these five aggregates which are subject to change, and hence and anything that is unchanging or permanent in nature cannot be associated with the concept of selfhood or personhood. Buddhism argues that this doctrine of "no independent self" is associated with the Buddhist doctrine of dependent/ conditioning origination i.e. 'pratiyasumtpada' (Palmquist, 2010). In Buddhism, there is no certain pre-defined concept of self. But the same is defined and explained by way of a series of impermanent and interdependent moments of consciousness (). For instance, according to the doctrine of conditioning origination i.e. 'ratiyasumtpada' the concept of self does not exist independently on its own, since the notion of self is empty / void. The emptiness of self in Buddhism does not imply non-existence of self, but instead refers to lack of autonomous self-nature i.e. 'nishvabhava'. Buddhism posits that the notion of personhood does not have an autonomous self existence, but instead is a consequence of certain conditions or 'pratyayas'. Thus the existence of personhood or self in Buddhism is dependent on several other factors, which are interconnected with each other and are mostly found in experiences which an individual goes through (Palmquist, 2010). The doctrine of personhood in Buddhism refers to the heretical view that human beings are gifted with a real 'self'. Buddhism essentially rejects the notion of an eternal self or 'atman'. Various religious groups within the religion, such as the 'Vatsiputriyas' had put forward the notion of an eternal self, in a bid to describe and explain the complex phenomenon of life after death, rebirth and karma. However according to the Buddhist religious theories, the concept of personhood wh ich is enshrined within the five aggregates, is derived from and dependent on them (Keown, 2003). Another more modern theory on the doctrine of Persoonhood was developed by a group known as the "Pudgalavadins" or the Personalists. This group was strongly opposed to the conventional and/or orthodox concept of anatta or no-self-ness, since it was difficult to comprehend and interpret. Contrary to the orthodox concept

Cover Memo for two messages attached Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cover Memo for two messages attached - Assignment Example For instance, ethical and logical appeals was created when I used the statement ‘We are a team of 55 marketing and media and professionals, and ‘Provide us with approximately 5o rooms and 2 conference rooms.’ These enabled us to captivate the attention of our audience to actually believe in us as credible persons who were serious about visiting the facility. Besides, I used the strategy of first person narration. As part of the team making inquiry, I had to speak on behalf of my team. Thus, I often used ‘I’, ‘we’ and ‘us’ appropriately. This made it much easier for me to communicate my message and appeal to my audience. Meanwhile, in Message 5, I used the strategy of courtesy when addressing my audience. This simply means the use of polite language in my communications. Even if the message was being written as protest of a poor quality work done to us, I decided to humble myself before my audience. These were evidenced in statements such as ‘We felt fortunate for your company to install an iron gate for one of our business tenants,’ ‘We were glad to transact with your company as it had provided us with a one year warranty for the gate’ and ‘We kindly ask you to send your team to inspect the gate and remedy the problem as soon as possible.’ I had to opt for this strategy because it convinces the audience. Indeed, it made me to win the confidence and attention of my audience whose services would be essential to us. On the other hand, I used appropriate vocabularies in my message. As a business communication, I knew that I would have to use terms and jargons such as transact, warranty, inspect and remedy. Their relevance made to be up to the context of my

Reflective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflective paper - Essay Example Thus, as a group, the reward power made us to create a strong relationship that resulted to improved performance. When analyzing at an organizational level, the reward power improved the profitability of the organization due to the improvement in the performance of the employees. As the result of the improved sales for Peytons, the firm attained a competitive edge. Thus, when analyzing at a global level, the firm was able to compete with other firms in the international market. During my duties, the managing director was very supportive especially when I was new in the company. This improved my attitude towards my work. At the individual level, improved attitude made me to have a positive view towards my duties that I once depicted as challenging. My attitude towards my workmates who were new to me also improved, thus I was able to ask for assistance. This implies that at the group level we viewed each other with positive attitude. Organizationally, the assistance that the MD provide d to me made me to significantly contribute to the success of the company. When looked at the global level, I became a person with strong willingness and positive attitude anywhere in work in the various parts of the world. The team I was involved was focused at meeting the deadlines by initiating a good communication system where each one of was closely connected to another. One of the notable positive behaviors of my team was that there was a clear division of duties and each one of us was able to complete the duties on time. This was a good experience that we will adopt in our future endeavors as managers and leaders. Completion of the duties also made the team to effectively work towards the achievement of the team goals. The negative team-related behavior was that there were two members who were aggressors. Every new idea that the team leader

History of Video Games

History of Video Games The History of Video Games One of the youngest forms of entertainment to date, the path that led the video game industry to be the giant multibillion dollar industry that it is today is about as humble as World War II. Mounted in mystery and finding its roots in gambling dens and the minds of defense contractors, the history of video games is obtuse and then some. This essay will present a summary of the history of videogames, as it started in the mind of Ralph Baer, the ‘Father of video games, to its place in present and future society as the place holder for billions of dollars in the entertainment industry. Although he is barely spoken of today, except by those the behind scenes, the idea of interacting with televisions further than changing the volume and channel sprang out of the mind of Ralph Baer. After escaping Germany with his parents at the age of 16, Ralph came to America and began working in a television and repair factory. In 1943 he was drafted in the United States Army and served in World War II in Army Intelligence. (Game Informer, 2009) Baer learned much of his knowledge in electronic technology while working for Loral, a military contractor that specialized in airborne technology. Loral approaches Baer with a mission: He is to make the best television technology and money can create. It was at this time that Baer had an idea to make a television that people can be actively engaged with. Loral wasnt nearly as enthusiastic as Baer was and shot his idea down, an action that may have been hastily made. (gamespot.com, 2009) In the year of 1966, Baer approaches his associates with a full page paper on his idea, which is now in the Smithsonian. â€Å"That Document was basically the Magna Carta of the home game industry. Within a year and a half, we were playing video ping-pong, hand ball, and shooting the screen with light guns,† Ralph Baer told Game Informer Magazine. (Game Informer Magazine, Gamespot.com) Sanders and Associates gave Baer the thumbs up. They provided Baer with the backing he needed to start development on his beloved idea. Baer successfully created interactive games such as a chase game, a video tennis game, and a game involving a toy gun that could distinguish between different of types light emitted from a television screen. Baer and other engineers on his team begin creating a prototype. In 1968, the Brown Box was created, named for its faux wood-grain housing. All that was left for Ralph Baer was to put his brainchild in the hands of the populous. This was much more difficult than expected. Sanders asked Baer to find a production partner for his invention. Many of the television and entertainment companies that he approached enjoyed the idea but did not want to enter into contractual obligations. Then he found Magnavox. In 1972, the Brown Box was released as the Magnavox Odyssey. One of its first games was the forever famous, Pong. (Game informer Magazine) Before the first home console hit the stage, in 1958 the very first invention to resemble a video game was a table tennis like game played on an oscilloscope. Willy Higinbotham sought to keep visitors to the Brookhaven National Laboratory interested. A year later, he added a fifteen inch monitor to his unique device. He never placed a patent on his machine. (gamespot.com) An MIT graduate by the name of Steve Russel created the first computer game, called SpaceWar. SpaceWar was played on a rigged up Digital PDP-1. This machine spurred the mind of many imaginative thinkers, one such being was Nolan Bushnell. (gamespot.com) During his academic career, Bushnell sees SpaceWar and is left an everlasting impression. While working a summer job at a carnival, he sees the local coin-operated arcade filled with dozens of computer machines. Realizing it is only a dream, he sees that the cost of computers in that day makes this feat impossible. (gamespot.com) In the early 1970s, Nolan, with the help of Ted Dabney, wanted to make an arcade booth with a SpaceWar based game. The result was Computer Space, the first video arcade game. Placed in a futuristic housing cabinet and crowned with a whopping (for those days) thirteen inch television, Bushnell and Dabney immediately gained support from Nutting Associates, an arcade game manufacturer. 1972 heralded the publics mass exposure to video arcades. Computer Spaces success was short lived, as the public found the gameplay too challenging. (gamespot.com) 1972 was a busy year for video games. The dynamic duo Bushnell and Dabney, left Nutting to start Atari, naming it after a word equivalent to ‘check in the Japanese game Go, which is similar to chess. The two enlisted the help of Al Alcom to program the games. Alcom was given a preliminary assignment, and programmed the first ever Pong. A Pong machine was thrown together and placed in a bar, Andy Capps. Less than two weeks later, the machine broke down. The culprit was the coin storage bin, which was flooded with quarters. Pong was a hit, and paved the way for modern day arcade games. (gamespot.com, Game Informer) Years later, Baer took Bushnell, along with several other video game companies, to court for Bushnells version of Pong. A settlement was reached out of court, where Bushnell finally agreed to pay the licensing fees. (Game Informer) Nintendo, a Japanese word meaning, â€Å"leave luck to the heavens,† is one of the oldest gaming companies today. Its roots began in the year 1889, as a Japanese playing card company. Nintendo quickly gained a following, as the Japanese mafia, the Yakuza, began using Nintendos cards in their illegal gaming and gambling dens. This provided a steady income allowing the company to flourish. Nintendo first appeared in the United States in 1907, creating American styled cards. Impressed with Nintendo, Disney approached the company in 1959, commissioning Disney character cards. This brought Nintendo into the home of more upstanding families. In the late 1970s to the early 1980s Nintendo put its foot in the door for electronic gaming, creating sundry unsuccessful arcade games, that is, until Donkey Kong. 1981 saw the flight of Donkey Kong, a game which took the nation by storm. It success was only bested by games with the likes of Pac-man. This movement caused Nintendo to switch gears, and give serious thought to the video game industry. In 1985, it put the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in homes worldwide, giving itself the concrete foothold into the home console market that became the mainstream concept of most gaming companies of the day. (Wii for Dummies, nintendo.com) The other large scale production companies of the day were Sony and Sega, both starting out as electronic repair and development companies. Those companies, along with Atari, Activision, Coleco, Magnavox, Mattel, and Nintendo, produce more than 15 home-based consoles in the span of six years, while gaming was only out of the womb for less than five years. (Game Informer) Original games such as Pong were played on a very limited plane comprised of dots and squares. The first games were also immovable programs that came with the consoles, which usually only had a few games. Optional peripherals could be purchased to slightly increase gameplay. In 1976, cartridges debuted, allowing games and consoles to be purchased separately, and for more games to be created and implemented well after a consoles release. Cartridges, along with VHS tapes, held strong until 1992 when the compact disk killed cartridges for most consoles. Other than computers, the Sega Genesis was one the first consoles to use this form of the medium . Today, handhelds are the only platforms to see their usage, and we are actively watching them disappear and go the way of the VHS. Most games today float through airspace, are on CDs, or flow through cables. (gamespot.com, Game Informer) Games also have under gone massive prosthetic changes. In the days of Odyssey, games were pixilated and simple to look at. In 1981, one of the first three dimensional games was created: Battlezone. It was also one of the first first-person games. One player played as a tank and faced enemies in a battle like simulation. It was met with much success and gratification. It even fell into the lap of the US Army, and an enhanced version was commissioned and used as a battle simulator to train troops. (gamespot.com, Know the Score) Today, games continue to push the envelope. In 2000, Sony placed the Playstation 2 in the market, dazzling gamers with its almost lifelike games. It was met with Nintendos Gamecube and Microsofts Xbox. Four years later, the Xbox 360 hit the scene, with graphics that looked like works of art. A year later the Wii and Playstation 3 burst into the market, after much speculation about both. The Wii falls short of the other two consoles at first because of its graphics, but quickly gains fame do to its new wireless motion sensed controller. By November 16, 2006, it had sold more than fifty million units worldwide; more than that of Sony and Microsoft Combined. However, the undisputed champion of sales, is that of Nintendos first handheld, the Gameboy. The Gameboy sold over one hundred-sixty million units worldwide. (nintendo.com, Game Informer) The gaming phenomenon has reached heights that were never expected, especially given its complicated history. Its memorabilia have gained collective value faster than any franchise before it, with games less than 20 years old being bought and sold for more than three-hundred-fifty-thousand dollars. They are even moving in the direction of removing controllers from gameplay by having cameras capture and process movement and simple or complex gestures to advance the player in the game, such as Project Natal. (Game Informer) This essay has captured the rocky surface of the video game movement. It began with its speculated beginnings, and ended with its present and future outlook. Video games have stretched the relative views of space and time, pointed out infinite possibilities, have been emulated on the ‘Big Screen and allowed expressive outlets for the mind and bodies of my generation, and will continue to dazzle and amaze us for the remainder of our lives. References Corporate history (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2009, from http://www.nintendo.com/corp/history.jsp Game Informer. (2009, May). Ralph Baer. Game Informer Magazine, 193, 30-31. Game Informer. (2009, June). The Fate of a Generation. Game Informer magazine, 194, 16-17. Herman, L., Horwitz, J., Kent, S., Miller, S. The history of video games. Retrieved November 13, 2009, from http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hov/ Orland, K. (2008). Wii for dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. Skurzynski, G. (1994). Know the score. New York: Macmillian.

Essay --

Cyber Teenagers: An Addiction The time teenagers spend using social media, in front of the computer and with their cellphones, is excessive. People judge social media with different opinions: some people look at social media as an interesting and useful tool and some people just do not like social media at all. What people do not know are the consequences social media can bring to teenagers. The common view most teenagers have about social media is different to what many people think about social media in many ways. Most teenagers think that the use of social media has a positive impact on their social and emotional lives. Most teenagers think that social media helps them keep in touch with friends they do not see on a daily basis, and they think social media is a tool that helps them communicate with other students at their school and meet new people. Although most teenagers think social media is good for them, my position on social media is different from what most of the teenagers believe. Social media, in my opinion, is bad for society and even worse for t...

Bureaucracy and Scientific Management Essay

Bureaucracy, which is an important model of organization defined by rules and series of hierarchical relationships, has been the dominant role for understanding organization for decades (Grey, 2007). Since the 1960s, numerous criticisms in mainstream thinking keep emerging toward the bureaucracy asserted that the imminent death of bureaucracy is coming because the defects associated with applying rules would lead to several problems such as poor employee motivation and goal-displacement. In view of this, the implication of a move from bureaucracy to post-bureaucracy has emerged and it is being depicted as a new label of flexible specialization in volatile market. Based on trust and empowerment, post-bureaucracy and other terms including post-hierarchical, post-fordism and post-modern organization are also employed in the same sense (McSweeney, 2006). While some expert judge that the post-bureaucracy are actually more rhetorical than real and it has its own problems such as the risk, unfairness and loss of control, others highlight that the advent of the new post-bureaucratic era is still arriving since the market has been experienced a moving from mass production towards niche production in today’s business environment. While it can not be denied that the concern on the aspect of its design and efficiency in mainstream thinking toward the bureaucracy did lead to some problems in a sense, this essay will attempt to demonstrate that the bureaucracy is still relevant for understanding organizations in current business environment and the existence of post-bureaucracy should be questioned. In order to demonstrate this, according to the mainstream thinking, critiques towards bureaucracy at different perspectives and the feasibility of post-bureaucracy will be discussed at the beginning. Then it will argue the limitation of the mainstream thinking and how bureaucracy can still be relevant for understanding organizations by using examples from literatures. According to Weber, rational-legal is the basis of bureaucracy and it becomes widely adopted because it refers to a highly efficient form of organization while critiques towards the bureaucracy in mainstream thinking are basically to do with the aspect of its design and efficiency in contrast. In the popularist critiques, bureaucracy is viewed as a form of organization which is like a predictable machine with standard operations and leads to the unnecessary delay and excessive obsession with rules. Based on the mainstream thinking, Grey (2007) summarized some important problems from the popularist critiques related with the inertia and ‘Red Tape’ mentality. Specifically, because simply following the rules in bureaucracy gives rise to have little personal commitment and low interest for the workers in the organization, job satisfaction and responsibility in their minds will not be guaranteed and leads to a poor motivated customer service as well as the procrastination in paper work. In the view of the customers, due to the impersonal rules from bureaucracy, sometimes it facilitated the employees in organizations to be ‘jobsworth’ and lead to ‘buck-passing’ by hiding behind the rules when no decision is being made towards a rule-against problem until ‘authority’ comes because the typical mind in their heads. However, some managerialists such as Crozier (1964, cited in Grey, 2007) and Gouldner (1954, cited in Grey, 2007) might deal a blow to the idea that bureaucracy is rigid and impersonal because rules sometimes are completely ignored by employees in their observation. For example, safety regulations as well as equal opportunities regulations in organizations are usually being ignored because they are viewed as a commonplace and sometimes the inconvenience would get in the way of the their jobs. But it was not assured that whether the result of the observation is suit to the organizations in other industries. Yet, more overriding controversial problem in bureaucracy is the goal-displacement within organizations. In the managerialist critiques, as Robert Merton (1940) addressed in his study, bureaucracy would not always lead to the best outcome because people are more likely to follow the rules as a goal rather than its effect. In this way, it gives rise to deliver sub-optimal outcomes in organizations by ‘doing the thing right’ rather than ‘doing the right thing’. A defense for the goal-displacement would be that solutions are not all the optimum ones in every case, but bureaucracy offers an optimum average at overall level. However, another particular version of goal-displacement given by Philip Selznick (1949, cited in Grey, 2007) also poses a blow to the bureaucracy. He suggests divisionalized structures on organizations would lead to different aims towards the divisions by pursuing divisional interests but not the whole organization as the rules designed. Individual prejudices would play a central part in decision making and different aims in divisions within the organizations would very much debunk the rational image of bureaucracy. These insights above are very much pointing to the emergence of post-bureaucracy in organization. Admittedly, apart from overcoming the demerit of bureaucracy, as new forms of organizations with an open boundary based on trust and empowerment, post-bureaucracy would be more suitable for the organizations while the market is even more volatile in today’s business environment. However, post-bureaucracy has its own problems on the aspect of control and risk in mainstream thinking. Without applying rules in organizations, it is not easy to sustain the operation of organizations in an open boundary while trust and empowerment is so fragile that there is a danger that post-bureaucracy will descend into anarchy. Besides, giving employees more freedom to work in their ways would lead to the risk of making wrong decisions. Because employees might have adopted an even less efficient approach to the problems, the efficiency in the post-bureaucratically organizations would be less efficient at all times (Grey, 2007). However, some experts would try to advocate the post-bureaucracy in a different perspective. While the present business environment is moving from mass production towards niche production, organizations are chasing the trend of fitting with the flexible specialization in producing (Piore and Sabel, 1984, cited in Grey, 2007) and the rise of the network society and network organizations also provide a favorable environment for the post-bureaucracy (Castells, 1996, cited in Grey, 2007). But managerialists such as Warhurst and Thompson (1998) and McSweeney (2006) acute that the critiques towards the mass production is by no means decreasing over the world, and the new forms of operation with post-bureaucracy based on trust and empowerment are actually more rhetorical than real because few and limited practical cases of detailed type post-bureaucracy could be found in recent period so far. Therefore, the existence of post-bureaucracy within organizations should be questioned in a sense. Back to the argument discussed in the front, some limitations are worth noticing in the mainstream thinking. Although bureaucracy has its shortcomings in multiple perspectives, Paul du Gay (2000) claims that bureaucracy actually embodies fairness. It is true because people would chase for the maximum efficiency due to the demand of instrumental rationality. Ethic of impersonality and fairness in bureaucracy are required so that employees and customers are treated without prejudice and discrimination. In George Ritzer’s The McDonaldization of Society (2000), it also provides the idea that impersonality is the central of bureaucratic ethos that guarantee fairness as du Gay mentioned and this can be related to the merit of standardization in organizations. Specifically, Ritzer utilizes Mcdonaldization and sees it as the template for contemporary forms of bureaucratization. By focusing on the four dimensions including efficiency, calculability, predictability and control through non-human technology, he exemplifies the logic of standardization in bureaucracy has several advantages including economic and material reasons and contends that the proliferation of standardization has spread into more and more sectors in all kinds of area. Scientific management in bureaucracy is still very evident in organisational systems over the period. Another noticing limitation could be found on the one-sided aspect of the restriction focused on efficiency. The critiques towards bureaucracy as well as post-bureaucracy in mainstream thinking might have a different understanding if the vision is shifted from different perspectives. According to du Gay (2000), it is fundamentally doing with the power. But more importantly, it is about the question of a binary logic. Mainstream thinking concerning about the efficiency towards bureaucracy is more likely to divide whether the bureaucracy is good and post-bureaucracy is bad or post-bureaucracy is good and bureaucracy is bad. However, the division between bureaucracy and post-bureaucracy was actually much less clear-cut in current business environment. For example, in Richard Sennett’s (1998) study, he revisits what previously was a Greek bakery operating with bureaucratic rules and workers are stable unionized few decades ago. However it becomes a multinational firm with large scale and uses shifting workforce of non-unionized workers for operating the bakery machines. In this way, products are easily to shift from type to type while workers know nothing about the techniques of baking but just simply pressing the button on the bakery machine. It clearly shows how new working environment of post-bureaucracy about flexibility in production do not simply imply an empowered kind of organizational life and the ways of working are as dehumanizing as before — the combination of bureaucracy and post-bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is still very much alive in the new forms of organization. In conclusion, the concern on the aspect of its design and efficiency in mainstream thinking toward the bureaucracy did lead to some problems in a sense. However, while bureaucracy has been proclaimed is ending since 1960s and it leads to the view of emergence towards the new form of organization, post-bureaucracy has its own problems and its existence should be questioned. However, bureaucracy actually does embody fairness. While the world is stepping into a new business environment, organization operate in bureaucracy still has several advantages including economic and material reasons and the proliferation of standardization has spread into more and more sectors in all kinds of area. Bureaucracy is still very much alive and evident in modern organizational and social life, even combined within the new organisational systems.

English †Letter to the Editor

English – Letter to the Editor Free Online Research Papers Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing with regard to your article on â€Å"success† published in Monday’s edition of your magazine referring to the secondary effects that a successful career might have on certain people and demanding readers like me to send in our opinions on the issue. Referring to the first question you state on your article, I suppose that if that would or would not be a bad thing depends on your own values’ scale but for mine it would mean that I am giving more important to demonstrate my society status rather than supporting other values I previously would have been defending, such as not being so egocentric. And I strongly believe that it is not people fault wanting to earn a lot of money but society’s because what we really want is not to be rich but to live happily with all the time for our enjoyment, to be free our whole time and able to chose what to do, working just if we look for it. But the problem comes when we associate that freedom with money abundance, a tendency almost impossible to avoid to a certain limit, because nobody would be able to eat and satisfy other primary needs without a basic income, taking for granted not breaking moral or legal rules. In my opinion, based on a scale of values that many may not agree with, those who earn such lots of money to maintain the lifestyle described on your article should not laugh at the face of those who lack a basic quality of life spending their fortunes on so superficial things. But I honestly recognise that they are in their complete right when doing so because by one way or another they are the ones who have earned it. Yours faithfully Student Research Papers on English - Letter to the EditorThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesWhere Wild and West MeetTwilight of the UAWBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

ancient greek civilisation essays

ancient greek civilisation essays The earliest Greek civilization thrived around 4,000 years ago. Some of the things that they had that we still use today are the arts, science, math, literature, and politics. The Greeks were known for their great intelligence, military strategies, and their buildings. All Greek's spoke the same language. This made it easier to trade and to communicate between different parts of the country. All Greeks believed in the same gods and also shared some common heritage. The Greeks believed that there was a god for everything on earth. A few examples of these gods are Zeus, ruler of the gods. Posidon was the god of the ocean and Hades, god of the under world. The Greek government was not a monarchy with a king and queen. Instead the Greek government was a city-state. A city-state is when each city has its own separate The men were a very important part of the Greek civilization because they were the ones that ran the government. The men were also the ones who would plant and work the fields or would oversee them. They would also spend time sailing, hunting, or manufacturing things for trade. For fun, the men would attend drinking parties, would wrestle, and enjoyed horse back riding. When the men held drinking parties for his friends the wives and daughters were not aloud to attend. The women in the Greek civilization were very limited to what they were allowed to do. They were permitted to attend weddings, funerals, and visit female neighbors for brief periods. The main responsibility for the women were to bear children and to watch over the house and make sure it was cleaned by one of the slaves because women were rarely ever responsible for cleaning the house. Women slaves were the cooks, cleaners, and sometimes even worked in the fields. The male slaves would act as a guard and would stand at the door and protect the women when the man was away. Only other ...

The Rising Economy of China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Rising Economy of China - Research Paper Example However, from 2007 – 2009 china like the other developed nation saw a downfall in its growth but the recovery system was very good. Unlike the other western nations and US, China did not suffer from huge recession. Going through few measurements, China’s economy is the second largest and is moving towards becoming the largest. (Grumbine, 2007) This research paper on China has examined all the implications including both the opportunities and challenges, considering the U.S. economy form the huge growth of China and her emergence as one of the most powerful economy in the world. Will China Overtake the U.S. Economy? The real GDP of China has grown twice as fast before the reformation period. Let us go through the factors, which have led this success story of China. Looking at China’s rapid growth, many economists and analysts have given their view studying it since 1979. If we look through China since the period of economic reformation, we see that China has been able to accumulate huge wealth and has gone through many developments. Both of these factors went equally hand in hand. Improvement in productivity led to the improvement of the growth and this hereby-generated huge fund, which ultimately led the road for new investment. Another advantageous situation for China was that it could draw huge amount form the domestic savings from that of finance investment during the time of economic reforms. (Wu, 2011) What led to China’s foreign direct investment (FDI) were incentives and trade reforms. This became the major source for China. The increase in annual FDI was the fastest in China in 1990s. During this period, the growth was $37.5 billion in 1995 to $3.5 billion in the early 1990s. This makes a ten-fol increase. In between 1995 -2009, annual FDI level was doubled. This capital is used efficiently by China and hence has been able to contribute to the economic growth. (Wu, 2011; Roett and Paz, 2008) It has been seen that much of fore ign domestic investment in China goes into export and manufactures which includes export like consumer electronics. Several case studies reveal that the gain in productivity has been one of the major cause in this huge rapid growth, economically since the implementation of the reforms. Taking an example of an International Monetary Fund (IMF), which concluded that the growth in productivity was the most significant reason for china’s economic growth? This study shows us that during 1952 – 1978, the accumulation of capital accounted for 65% of output growth in China, whereas the input growth for labor and productivity was 17% and 18%. Just the opposite happened during 1979 – 1994 (this was the period when economic reform in China took place), growth of productivity was nearly 42% of the economic growth output whereas the labor and capital inputs was 58%. (Roett and Paz, 2008; Blankert, 2009) Resources were reallocated due to which productivity had increased in ec onomic reform of China. This took place in areas where the control was under the governance of the central government like trade, agriculture, and services. Reforms in agricultural sector boosted production. This also realized the workers for pursuing employment in actions where the marginal production is high. (Wu, 2011; Roett and Paz, 2008) The rise in economy in China happened to have strengthened the relation of U.S. – China. Total amount of trade went up from $4.9 billion in the year

How Slavery Affects the Institution of Marriage by novel The Beloved Essay

How Slavery Affects the Institution of Marriage by novel The Beloved - Essay Example She mainly focuses on master, slave, and marriage. Of the three, the master holds the most authority, the slave is victimized, and the marriage institution suffers because of the exploitative relationship between the master and slave. According to Maschler, women are important players in the marriage institution, and therefore, the effects of slavery on slave women will affect the entire institution of marriage. Tolman notes that in Morrison’s The Beloved, women are portrayed as having unconditional love for their children and families, although mothers are not portrayed as perfect or flawless. However, motherhood, which is equally important in marriage, is greatly affected by slavery, as mothers in slavery underwent great troubles to raise their children. In this novel, Morrison shows women as the central figures in families of former slaves. The men are often missing because of the slavery heritage. In this case, men were still regarded part of the family. However, they did not have time for their families, and could hence not play the main role in the family. During the slavery period, men were sold, while some escaped slavery. This has continued to affect the psyche of women who experienced this. During slavery, the society was paternalistic, and women headed families, as Morrison shows in his novel. The women were used to living without their men around. This is because black men would be sent away, or would leave their families for reasons related to slavery. On the other hand, women could not leave; they were caged in their homes, as they were responsible for the upbringing of their children. Davis argues that this largely denied these women their freedom as they were forced to stay at home and could not leave.

Enterprise and Enterprenerual Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise and Enterprenerual Management - Essay Example There are many reasons that businesses fail, some of them fail because they are unable to recognize the threats that exist in the outside world and as well as the dynamics of the business world. Before starting a business it is very important that a business man tries best possible ways to make his business a success. For making a business a success it is extremely necessary that the business man has studied the environment of the probable business environment so that he does not delve into risks without any preliminary investigations (CAN?AS, SONDAK, 2011). When starting a business it is extremely necessary for the person who is starting a business to know whether the business he is starting is actually the one that is near to him and he can understand the essence of it. If a person starts a business related to things that is of no interest to him he will end up losing interest in it and ultimately closing down the business, without any further exploitation of opportunities. To star t a business it is necessary that everything has been worked out properly and the person starting the business should have the whole layout of the business in front of him so that he can understand what are the pros and cons of the business that he plans to start. It is very important that the business has been thought out in its fullness before being started by a person. If a person fails to account for all the minute details then the business will never be a success as many important factors will be missed out. A business plan is a very important stepping stone for any business, without a business plan if you want to start your business then you will never be able to take it forward, as you will never have much idea as to what path has to be taken to guide your business in the right direction. A designed business plan will help and guide the businessman as to what is best for the business (COVELLO, HAZELGREN, 2006). A business plan is really very important to take the business for ward as it gives the blue print of the business. A complete business plan is designed in a way that it will take into account all the profits and loss and then give the results of the impact of any kind of transaction on the bottom line of the business. It is a reflection of the possible expenses and the revenue generation of the business. It helps the new business man decide what are the possible costs that have the possibility of being incurred by him while doing the business that he plans to start and how should he work and prioritize the arrangements so that he can minimize the costs that he might incur for the business. Also, when he has designed a complete business plan then he can look for ways and methods that will also help him in looking for alternates of the possible cost incurring units of the business. When a person starts a business the main thing that he has in his mind is to earn money from it and to make profits. The only reason that he looks for new ventures is tha t he wants to have greener pastures to graze and better results than he is getting in the current job that he is doing. Designing a complete business plan will always give him an idea as to what is the best thing that can be done to overcome the possible hurdles that might come up once he starts the business. It

Product Mix and New Product Development Strategies Essay Example for Free

Product Mix and New Product Development Strategies Essay The Coca-Cola versus Pepsi competition is perhaps the most well known rivalry in the history of marketing. Coke has long enjoyed the home field advantage, having become entrenched as the most popular and identifiable cola throughout the world. Although it has carved itself a substantial portion of the market, Pepsi has struggled to match the sales revenue of Coca-Cola; until recently. Although Pepsi has never come close to equaling Coke cola market share, they have become more aggressive and adept than Coke in cornering the non-carbonated beverage market. It is in this market that Pepsi is seeking to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage over Coke. It their quest to acquire and develop new products, will the use of the PTSTP method help Pepsi develop new products in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage?A product is defined in three levels; core, actual, and augmented. The core of the product is the benefit it offers the consumer. For the example of colas, it could be refreshment, energy (sugar and caffeine), alertness, or just pleasure. The soda itself is the actual product. The augmented product for a cola could be the recognition and status gains perceived by drinking that particular brand. Or it could even be the weight loss from sticking to diet colas. For the development of new products, we first need to identify what consists of a new product. There are six categories of new products:1.New-To-The-World. This is a product that has no like product offered elsewhere. For example, when the first personal computer was offered to the public, this would be a new product. 2.New Product Lines. This is when similar products exist, possibly even under the same brand, but a new line of the product offers some tangible difference to those products already offered. For example, offering diet colas in addition to regular colas under the same brand. 3.Product Line Additions. This is the addition of a product that is directly related to one offered. For example, offering Vanilla Coke for sale alongside Coke. 4.Improvements/Revisions. This is a product which has already been offered,  but some change or revision has been made to the products properties. For example: New Coke, or anything labeled new and improved.5.Repositioned Products. The same product offered in a new market or directed towards a new target market. For example Pepsi bringing Sabritas chips into the US to target the Hispanic market. 6.Lower-Priced Products. This is simply reducing the price of an existing product to stimulate sales. New products affect the product mix of a company. Product mix is generally defined as the total composite of products offered by a particular organization. The product mix includes both individual products and product lines. A product line is a group of products which are closely related by function, customer base, distribution, or price range. To use Pepsi as an example, Pepsis product mix includes beverages and potato chips. The beverage product line consists of carbonated, non-carbonated, and water. Pepsi, Gatorade, and Aquafina all are individual products. PTSTP is a mnemonic for the five step process underlying Target Marketing and Positioning. The five steps are as follows:1.Identify competitive Products. 2.Define the Target market. 3.Determine the basis for Segmentation. 4.Determine if any Target markets are underserved. 5.Develop a Product for the underserved market. By using this method, a company can identify a gap in a particular market segment. This gap may be present because there is no product to fill it, or because the current product is reaching the end of its life-cycle, thus creating an opportunity for new growth. To answer the previous question, we will contrast the PTSTP method to Coca-Cola and Pespis development of the non-carbonated beverage market. Pepsi has continually struggled to match Cokes market share in colas and other carbonated beverages. Coke enjoys a 44% slice of the market compared to Pepsis 32%. During their 108 year rivalry, Pepsi has never come close to selling as much soda as Coke. Much of this is due to Cokes brand recognition. Although in 2006 Pepsi, for the first time, beat Coke in beverages sold. This was due to Pepsis embracement of the non-carbonated beverage market, where it led the market with a 24% share over Cokes 16%. Pepsi was able to recognize and take advantage of the growing non-carbonized market much earlier than Coca-Cola. Although cola sales have recently stagnated to less than 1% growth, non-carbonated beverages grew 8% in 2004. Much of the failure of Coke to expand into this market can be traced back to the stubbornness of Coke executives to expand beyond the soda market. Coke had an opportunity to acquire Quaker Oats in the 1990s, but passed on the opportunity. Instead, Pepsi acquired Quaker Oats in 2001. Among Quaker Oats assets were Gatorade and Snapple, both leaders in their markets. Although these product lines were already established, they represented new products to Pepsi, as they represented Pepsis introduction into the non-carbonated beverage market. As a result, Pepsi owns a commanding lead in the sports drink market, with Gatorade holding an 80% share to Cokes Powerade at 15%. Until 2001, Coca-Cola had been reluctant to embrace new products. They were not willing to extend their company and take the chance in the non-carbonated market, until they saw the success Pepsi was having. In addition to passing up on Quaker Oats, Coke lost a bidding war for the Sobe line of enhanced juices, and their bid for the Planet Java line of coffees and teas was not embraced by their independent bottlers. However, since 2000 Coke has been actively seeking new products in this market, including the acquisition of the successful Minute Maid juice line. The difference in philosophy has made the difference for Pepsi. In fact, losing the cola wars may have been the best thing for Pepsi. This forced Pepsi to look outside the soda realm in order to increase profits. As Pepsis CEO, Steven Reinemund believes that his companys growth is due to their constant quest for change, that Innovation is what consumers are  looking for, particularly in the small, routine things of their life. Pepsis willingness to embrace new product lines has given them the edge over Coke for the first time in history. Their offerings of Quaker Oats beverages, Sobe, and Aquafina have all been firsts for a soda company. As a result, they have gained the brand recognition over Cokes subsequent offerings, leading to an increased market share. In order for Pepsi to maintain their competitive advantage over Coke, they need to follow the advice of Reinemund, by remaining innovative. PTSTP can help them sustain this advantage. By identifying potential markets, and developing products for these markets, they can continue to capture new market shares. The beverage market is saturated with options for the consumer, with new products appearing everyday. Many of these products are variations on existing products. For example, energy drinks have become very popular in the past few years. As a result the market has become flooded with options. It will become increasingly difficult to introduce new products in this category. By using PTSTP, Pepsi can identify a new niche in this market, or a different market to exploit. Using the energy drinks as an example, the competitors range from Fuze, Red Bull, and many others. By defining the target market, they can identify that the same demographics both tend to buy sodas and energy drinks. Pepsi can then segment the market into young males (18-30). They then determine that the target market of combined soda energy drinks is underserved. They then develop a product to serve this market. Thus Pepsi Max is born. By using PTSTP, Pepsi has created a new product in soda energy drinks, Pepsi Max. It is this type of creativity and innovation that is embraced by Reinemund, and will serve to keep Pepsi with a sustained competitive advantage over Coke. Only by using a method such as PTSTP, can underserved markets be identified and exploited. References 1. http://business.enotes.com/business-finance-encyclopedia/product-mix2. Brady, Diane (). A Thousand and One Noshes: How Pepsi deftly adapts products to changing consumer tastes. Business Week. 14 Jun 20043. Foust, Dean. Things Go Better With Juice: Cokes new CEO will have to move quickly to catch up in noncarbonated drinks. Business Week. 17 May 20044. Brooker, Katrina. How Pepsi outgunned Coke: Losing the cola wars was the best thing that ever happened to Pepsi while Coke was celebrating, PEP took over a much larger market. FORTUNE 1 Feb 2006http://money.cnn.com/2006/02/01/news/companies/pepsi_fortune/index.htm5. http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_three_levels_of_a_product.htm

Solutions to Domestic Violence

Solutions to Domestic Violence Problem Solution Every now and then, people have been known to say, What can they do to help someone they know that is being abused? There are many different solutions that people can do to help those in need that are involved in a domestic violence relationship. According to the Michigan State Police there are various solutions involved in assisting someone. Knowing what one is talking about by having some background on domestic violence. Always let them know that your ears are open at anytime they need to talk. Help them as much as possible by being respectful, patient and supportive in learning about their safety. Lastly, never let them think it is their fault, keep addressing that as much as possible. There is always ways to get help when someone needs it. They can do so by calling the confidential National Domestic Hotline (DMVH) at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233), they are available to the United States, 24 hours, 7 days a week, and open 365 days a year. The DMVH have counselors to support them in getting them information and referrals for themselves, their children, shelter, and legal assistance (Michigan State Police). There are many other things that you could do to help a victim or even a victim herself can do. It may be just as easy as picking up a phone book to find out what organizations in your community help out with such as employment or even child care. There are other different things that can be done such as seeking counseling or even support groups. While you are seeking counseling, make sure you identify weather the counselor is for the abused and has had experience of working with the abused. Most of all stay active as much as possible to help your self esteem, self confidence, and getting you independence back (Women Web, Getting Help). Domestic violence shelter, often called a womens shelter is a building or set of apartments where victims of abuse can seek shelter. These shelter locations are kept confidential so these womens abusers are unable to find them. Shelters are known to provide those abused and their children with shelter, food and childcare. Since there are very limited times for residing at a shelter, many shelters assist in placement of permanent homes and jobs (Help guide). There are different things that can be done after leaving a shelter so their abuser doesnt find them. The top 3 things that you can do are: 1.) get and unlisted number, 2) use a P.O. Box, 3.) open new bank accounts and credit cards (Help guide). After discovering how serious Domestic violence actually was, the Domestic Violence Bill, 2006 was passed. The Domestic Violence Bill was intended to allow more help and relief of the abuse. The purpose of this Bill was to allow those involved in domestic violence the maximum protection that the laws can provide. These laws have made it mandatory for all police stations to have specific departments to deal with and give legal duty on the officers to assist in a complaint domestic violence. Under the provision of this bill, police officers are suppose to advise the victim of their rights under, help in obtaining shelter, offer medical treatment, and to lodge a criminal complaint. The Domestic Violence Act also gives police officers the power to arrest the accused perpetrator, without a warrant who is reasonably suspected to have committed or who is threatening to commit an act of domestic violence on a victim. If any person is arrested they are to be brought before a magistrate within forty-eight hours (Government Gazette) Under the Michigan Constitution, (Art. I, Sec. 24; eff. Dec. 24, 1988) and the Crime Victims Rights Act, (1985 PA 87; MCL 780.751) have given crime victims the right to be treated with dignity and respect. Making sure all is handled in a timely manner following an arrest. The victim also has the right to receive emergency and medical services. Receive an explanation of all court proceedings. This act allows them to be protected of being free of any threats, acts, and/or discharge from your employer. The name of the Prosecutors who is handling the case. Any scheduled court proceedings, including sentencing, the defendants release on bond or escape from custody while awaiting trial. The probation departments address and telephone number. Attend the court trial and make an oral statement to a pre-sentence investigator, and to write an impact statement which will be included in the pre-sentence report. Victims are also allowed to receive information regarding the conviction, sentence, im prisonment, and release of the accused. (Michigan Prosecuting Attorney Associations). There are many different effects of the abuse. If someone had physical abuse they may suffer from long term health complications. Abused women often have anxiety, tension, low energy, depression, insomnia, loss of appetite, or even headaches. They may believe that they failed the relationship. They have also been known to be ashamed and not allowing others to know exactly what had happened to them. In just about every case of Domestic Violence, women have stated that they have lost their self esteem and lack of confidence. Women have also been known to have anger and fear towards themselves and their abuser. They are also known to isolate themselves from other such as family and friends (Womens Web, The Effect of Abuse). According to Direnfeld (2007), the aftermath of emotional and psychological can last for several years or even lifetime. It not only affects the victim but also other family members and later relationships. In many cases, children have the trauma of the violence. These children grow to become bullies in their own right whose behavior the violated parent cannot control and whose behavior is reinforced by the perpetrator. There are many things that a victim needs to remember, its very hard to do it all at once. Between the police, and shelters, the victim has other they can talk to; rather it is a counselor or even someone that has been through it. There main thing they need to know what are their rights? References Direnfeld, G. MSW, RSW (2007). Alumbo, the Long Arm Of Domestic Violence. Retrieved July 24, 2009 from http://www.alumbo.com/article/32544-The-Long-Arm-Of-Domestic-Violence.html Government Gazett (2006). Domestic Violence Bill, 2006. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/dom_viol_bill_060630.pdf Help guide (2008). Domestic Violence and Abuse: Help, Treatment, Intervention, and Prevention Retrieved July 24, 2009 from http://www.alumbo.com/article/32544-The-Long-Arm-Of-Domestic-Violence.html Michigan Prosecuting Attorney Associations (2008). Victim Rights. Retrieved July 20, 2009 from http://www.michiganprosecutor.org/Victim.htm Michigan State Police (2009). Domestic Violence Awareness. Retrieved July 20, 2009 from http://www.michigan.gov/msp/0,1607,7-123-1589_1711_4577,00.html Women Web (2009). Domestic Violence, The Effect of Abuse. Retrieved July 25, 2009 from http://www.womensweb.ca/violence/dv/effects.php Women Web (2009). Domestic Violence, Getting Help. Retrieved July 25, 2009 from http://www.womensweb.ca/violence/dv/help.php